NodeJS application:

# cat index.js
const os = require('os');
const http = require('http');

const requestHandler = (req, res) => {
    console.log('Request incoming from ' + req.connection.remoteAddress);
    res.writeHead(200);
    res.end('Success! You\'ve hit ' + os.hostname() + ' on ' + os.platform() + '!');
};

const server = http.createServer(requestHandler)

server.listen(3000);

Dockerfile

FROM node:lts
ADD index.js /index.js
CMD node index.js

Building image:

docker build -t nodejsapp .

Checking that image is available:

# docker images -a
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
nodejsapp           latest              114a56ed7a9e        19 minutes ago      916MB
none                none                2518ebc2685a        19 minutes ago      916MB
node                lts                 0cb3eeeded20        3 days ago          916MB

Building Container:

# docker run -d -p3000:3000 nodejsapp
1ab9de527ff5eaf79d3e555287287ea4e837513f9d4245a0c5f17cbb3c89fe3e

-d (detach) Starts the container in the background.
-it Run an image in interactive mode with the command /bin/bash

Checking that

docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE      COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                    NAMES
1ab9de527ff5        nodejsapp  "docker-entrypoint.s…"   23 seconds ago      Up 21 seconds       0.0.0.0:3000->3000/tcp   frosty

Can run multiple containers from one image on different ports

docker run -d -p3001:3000 nodejsapp
docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE        COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                    NAMES
971bda49b10d        nodejsapp   "docker-entrypoint.s…"   39 seconds ago      Up 37 seconds       0.0.0.0:3001->3000/tcp   nostalgic
1ab9de527ff5        nodejsapp    docker-entrypoint.s…"   2 minutes ago       Up 2 minutes        0.0.0.0:3000->3000/tcp   frosty

Please note size of the image:

# docker images -a
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
nodejsapp           latest              114a56ed7a9e        32 minutes ago      916MB
none                none                2518ebc2685a        32 minutes ago      916MB
node                lts                 0cb3eeeded20        3 days ago          916MB

go hello word

cat hello.go

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "log"
    "net/http"
)

// HelloServer responds to requests with the given URL path.
func HelloServer(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    fmt.Fprintf(w, "Hello, you requested: %s", r.URL.Path)
    log.Printf("Received request for path: %s", r.URL.Path)
}

func main() {
    var addr string = ":8180"
    handler := http.HandlerFunc(HelloServer)
    if err := http.ListenAndServe(addr, handler); err != nil {
        log.Fatalf("Could not listen on port %s %v", addr, err)
    }
}

cat Dockerfile

FROM golang:1-alpine as build

WORKDIR /app
COPY ./ cmd
RUN go build cmd/hello.go

FROM alpine:latest

WORKDIR /app
COPY --from=build /app/hello /app/hello

EXPOSE 8180
ENTRYPOINT ["./hello"]

docker build -t goapp .

docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
goapp               latest              2ba47decdb30        26 seconds ago      13MB
nodejsapp           latest              114a56ed7a9e        56 minutes ago      916MB
node                lts                 0cb3eeeded20        3 days ago          916MB
golang              1-alpine            e1fd9820be16        9 days ago          359MB
alpine              latest              e7d92cdc71fe        5 weeks ago         5.59MB

docker run -d -p3003:8180 goapp

# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE           COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                    NAMES
5d5de4bf87da        goapp           "./hello"                8 seconds ago       Up 6 seconds        0.0.0.0:3003->8180/tcp   boring
971bda49b10d        nodejsapp       "docker-entrypoint.s…"   28 minutes ago      Up 28 minutes       0.0.0.0:3001->3000/tcp   nostalgic
1ab9de527ff5        nodejsapp       "docker-entrypoint.s…"   30 minutes ago      Up 30 minutes       0.0.0.0:3000->3000/tcp   frosty

Drastically reduce the size of your DOCKER images with MULTISTAGE builds

Links:
Anti-Patterns When Building Container Images
Jason Hall explains in particular how to build and push images containing Go programs efficiently and securely. Spoilers: it’s specific to Go (because Go has an outstanding toolchain), but even if you want to containerize other languages, it’s a good read, I promise:
Moving and Building Container Images, The Right Way